Pupils should be taught in all subjects to express themselves correctly and appropriately and to read accurately and with understanding. Since standard English, spoken and written, is the predominant language in which knowledge and skills are taught and learned, pupils should be taught to recognise and use standard English.
Writing
In writing, pupils should be taught to use correct spelling and punctuation and follow grammatical conventions. They should also be taught to organise their writing in logical and coherent forms.
Speaking
In speaking, pupils should be taught to use language precisely and cogently.
Listening
Pupils should be taught to listen to others and to respond and build on their ideas and views constructively.
Reading
In reading, pupils should be taught strategies to help them read with understanding, locate and use information, follow a process or argument summarise, and synthesise and adapt what they learn from their reading.
Pupils should be taught the technical and specialist vocabulary of subjects and how to use and spell these words. They should also be taught to use the patterns of language vital to understanding and expression in different subjects. These include the construction of sentences, paragraphs and texts that are often used in a subject [for example, language to express causality, chronology, logic, exploration, hypothesis, comparison, and how to ask questions and develop arguments].